Software Engineering › Key terms › Y11 Programming Fundamentals › Recursion
Recursion
Term Check Y11 Programming Fundamentals
Definition
A subroutine that calls itself on a smaller version of the problem until it reaches a base case that stops it.
Example: Factorial: n * factorial(n-1) with base case n = 0.
Check this one: Not named in the 2022 syllabus text; included because of the functional paradigm and past SDD coding questions.
Found in: course specifications.
Where it is used in the test
Syllabus area: Y11 Programming Fundamentals.
Question types it can appear in
- Multiple choice: Pick the option that matches the definition or example.
- Code reading: Code or algorithm reading: interpret a fragment and state its output or purpose.
- Python: Write or complete it in the online Python tool.
No past question in this bank is linked to this term yet. It can still be tested through the question types above.
Study links
- Flashcard: Recursion in Programming Fundamentals (Year 11) · study that set
- Memorise: Software development steps and algorithm design
- Notes: Programming paradigms (Year 11 content (Programming fundamentals, OOP, Mechatronics))
How to use it in an answer
A model sentence
“A subroutine that calls itself on a smaller version of the problem until it reaches a base case that stops it.” Then apply it: Factorial: n * factorial(n-1) with base case n = 0.
In a short answer, give the definition in your own words first, then tie it to the situation in the question. Do not copy the example above unless it fits the scenario.
Technique for the question types
- Multiple choice: Read all four options, rule out wrong ones, pick one; no penalty for guessing so never leave blank.
- Python: Write code that runs: indentation, quotes, define functions before calling them, print the required output, meet every listed requirement.
Common mistakes
- Check the sources: Not named in the 2022 syllabus text; included because of the functional paradigm and past SDD coding questions.
- Python questions (2025 HSC exam Q19): process string inputs; use a selection structure; code must execute in the environment; use correct indentation; call functions in the main program after defining them.
- Python questions (2025 HSC exam Q26): replicate the grid; use the random library; use selection and looping to access the list; include a method of checking the number of values; use meaningful variable names and constants; avoid overly complex structures such as nested IF loops.
- Use the term exactly as the syllabus words it, then link it to the scenario in the question; the 2025 feedback repeatedly rewards using the stimulus.
- Answer the command word: outline gives main points only, explain gives a reason or cause, discuss gives both sides.
Related terms
Same group in the syllabus: Computational thinking · Algorithm · Sequence · Selection · Iteration (repetition) · Divide and conquer · Backtracking · Top-down design · Bottom-up design · Abstraction · Refinement · Pseudocode · Flowchart · Subroutine (module, subprogram, procedure)