Software Engineering › Key terms › Y11 Programming Fundamentals › Array
Array
Term Y11 Programming Fundamentals
Definition
A data structure holding a fixed number of items of the same type, accessed by index; can be single or multi-dimensional (rows and columns).
Example: 'marks[0]' is the first item.
Found in: syllabus, course specifications, 2025 HSC marking guidelines, school notes, past SDD papers.
Where it is used in the test
Syllabus area: Y11 Programming Fundamentals.
Question types it can appear in
- Pseudocode: Iterate and sum an array
- Python: 2D list
- Multiple choice: Pick the option that matches the definition or example.
- Code reading: Code or algorithm reading: interpret a fragment and state its output or purpose.
Where it has appeared in the paper
The Software Engineering Project (Part A, B). Part letters follow each paper’s own layout.
Related past questions
- 2025 HSC Q17 (3 marks): Algorithm design The Software Engineering Project (Part A) · 3 marks
- Sample exam Q21a (1 mark): 2D arrays (Python) The Software Engineering Project (Part B) · 1 mark
- Sample exam Q21b (5 marks): Python: subroutines, lists, loops The Software Engineering Project (Part B) · 5 marks
These are the questions the flashcard set links to this term. Open each one and compare your answer with its marking criteria.
Study links
- Flashcard: Array in Programming Fundamentals (Year 11) · study that set
- Memorise: Data structures
How to use it in an answer
A model sentence
“A data structure holding a fixed number of items of the same type, accessed by index; can be single or multi-dimensional (rows and columns).” Then apply it: 'marks[0]' is the first item.
In a short answer, give the definition in your own words first, then tie it to the situation in the question. Do not copy the example above unless it fits the scenario.
Command words used with it
- Identify: Recognise and name. (Sample exam Q21a (1 mark): 2D arrays (Python))
Technique for the question types
- Pseudocode: Write HSC-style pseudocode: capital keywords, paired END words, indentation; initialise variables; output the required result.
- Python: Write code that runs: indentation, quotes, define functions before calling them, print the required output, meet every listed requirement.
- Multiple choice: Read all four options, rule out wrong ones, pick one; no penalty for guessing so never leave blank.
What the marking guidelines and feedback say
Marker feedback: use pseudocode control structures accurately; iterate an array and sum it; apply relational operators correctly; use the stimulus to choose the right structures.
The key is the modulus: subjects[(period - day) % 5]. (The MG sample lists 'Art' where the question has 'Sport' - the program is meant to work with any five subjects.)
Worked answers from the marking guidelines
Sample exam Q21a (1 mark): 2D arrays (Python) (1 mark): criteria and sample answer
Criteria
1: Identifies the correct answer.
Sample answer
Timetable[0][2] (day index 0 = Monday, period index 2 = Period 3).
Sample exam Q21b (5 marks): Python: subroutines, lists, loops (5 marks): criteria and sample answer
Criteria
5: Substantially correct Python program that places each subject in the correct period; displays all 5 days; provides appropriate subroutines; programmatically builds the timetable. 4: Most requirements. 3: Some requirements. 2: One requirement. 1: Some understanding.
Sample answer
subjects = ["English", "Software", "Drama", "Science", "Art"] NUM_DAYS = 5 NUM_PERIODS = 5 DAYS_OF_WEEK = ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday"]
def create_timetable(subjects): timetable = [] for day in range(NUM_DAYS): periods = [] for period in range(NUM_PERIODS): periods.append(subjects[(period - day) % NUM_PERIODS]) timetable.append(periods) return timetable
def print_timetable(timetable): print() for day in range(NUM_DAYS): print(f"{DAYS_OF_WEEK[day]}") for period in range(NUM_PERIODS): print(f"\tPeriod {period+1}: {timetable[day][period]}") print()
timetable = create_timetable(subjects) print_timetable(timetable)
Common mistakes
- Pseudocode questions (2025 HSC exam Q17): use pseudocode control structures accurately; iterate an array and sum it; apply relational operators correctly; use the stimulus to choose the right structures.
- Python questions (2025 HSC exam Q19): process string inputs; use a selection structure; code must execute in the environment; use correct indentation; call functions in the main program after defining them.
- Python questions (2025 HSC exam Q26): replicate the grid; use the random library; use selection and looping to access the list; include a method of checking the number of values; use meaningful variable names and constants; avoid overly complex structures such as nested IF loops.
- Use the term exactly as the syllabus words it, then link it to the scenario in the question; the 2025 feedback repeatedly rewards using the stimulus.
- Answer the command word: outline gives main points only, explain gives a reason or cause, discuss gives both sides.
Related terms
Same group in the syllabus: Binary (base 2) · Decimal (base 10) · Hexadecimal (base 16) · Two's complement · Character representation (ASCII, Unicode) · Data types · Integer · Real (floating point) · Boolean · Character and string · Date and time · Multi-dimensional array · Record · List