Reinforcement learning

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Definition

The model learns by trial and error, receiving rewards or penalties for its actions in an environment, to maximise reward.

Example: A robot learns to walk by being rewarded.

Found in: syllabus, sample exam and familiarisation guidelines, school notes.

Short version to memorise (key terms bank)

Learn from rewards and penalties.

Where you'll use it in the test

Syllabus area: Y12 Software Automation.

Question types it can appear in

Multiple choice: Pick the option that matches the definition or example.
Matching or table: Match it to its description, example or category.
Short answer: Define, outline or explain it and tie it to the scenario.
Fill in the blanks: Choose this term to complete a statement or table.

Where it has appeared in the paper

Software Automation (Part A). Part letters follow each paper’s own layout.

How to use it

A model sentence

General advice, built from the definition and example above

“The model learns by trial and error, receiving rewards or penalties for its actions in an environment, to maximise reward.” Then apply it: A robot learns to walk by being rewarded.

In a short answer, give the definition in your own words first, then tie it to the situation in the question. Do not copy the example above unless it fits the scenario.

Command words used with it

From the linked past questions

Identify: Recognise and name. (2025 HSC Q3 (1 mark): Machine learning training)

Go deeper

Flashcard: Reinforcement learning in Software Automation (Year 12) · study that set
Memorise: Models of training ML
Key terms bank entry: Reinforcement learning
Notes: Explore models of training ML, including supervised learning, unsupervised learning,… (Software Automation (Year 12))
Notes: Investigate common applications of key ML algorithms, including data analysis and… (Software Automation (Year 12))
Full term page: every question, note and marking comment for Reinforcement learning

Check yourself

Explain “Reinforcement learning” in one sentence, give an example, and name a question type that could test it.

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