Software Engineering › Key terms › Code patterns › Global and local variables
Global and local variables
Code pattern Code patterns
Definition
A local variable exists only inside its function; a global variable is declared outside and can be used throughout (use the global keyword to change it inside a function).
Example
count = 0 (global); def add(): global countFound in: course specifications.
Where it is used in the test
Syllabus area: Code patterns.
Question types it can appear in
- Python: Write or complete it in the online Python tool.
- Code reading: Code or algorithm reading: interpret a fragment and state its output or purpose.
- Multiple choice: Pick the option that matches the definition or example.
No past question in this bank is linked to this term yet. It can still be tested through the question types above.
Study links
- Flashcard: Global and local variables in Code Patterns: Pseudocode, Python, SQL, CSS (Years 11 and 12) · study that set
- Memorise: Python basics: input, selection, loops, strings
How to use it in an answer
A model sentence
Code pattern: “A local variable exists only inside its function; a global variable is declared outside and can be used throughout (use the global keyword to change it inside a function).” Then apply it: count = 0 (global); def add(): global count
In a short answer, give the definition in your own words first, then tie it to the situation in the question. Do not copy the example above unless it fits the scenario.
Technique for the question types
- Python: Write code that runs: indentation, quotes, define functions before calling them, print the required output, meet every listed requirement.
- Multiple choice: Read all four options, rule out wrong ones, pick one; no penalty for guessing so never leave blank.
Common mistakes
- Python questions (2025 HSC exam Q19): process string inputs; use a selection structure; code must execute in the environment; use correct indentation; call functions in the main program after defining them.
- Python questions (2025 HSC exam Q26): replicate the grid; use the random library; use selection and looping to access the list; include a method of checking the number of values; use meaningful variable names and constants; avoid overly complex structures such as nested IF loops.
- Use the term exactly as the syllabus words it, then link it to the scenario in the question; the 2025 feedback repeatedly rewards using the stimulus.
- Answer the command word: outline gives main points only, explain gives a reason or cause, discuss gives both sides.
Related terms
Same group in the syllabus: Python input and output · Python selection (if elif else) · Python for loop and range · Python while loop · Python strings and slicing · Python lists · Python 2D list (grid) · Python random numbers · Python functions · Python file handling · Python modules and libraries · Python classes and objects · Python validation function pattern · Python try / except