2019 HSC Timber paper

C

A

C

C

B

B

Strength in all directions (cross-laminated veneers); also stable, available in large sheets, easy to cut and join.

Memorise pack: T5

• Correctly identifies ONE property 1

NESA sample answer

• Strength in all directions.

Answers could include

• Available in large sheets
• Easy to cut and join
• Easy to finish (pre-sanded).

Sketch a housing (trench) joint: show the side panel with a trench about one-third of its thickness deep, and the shelf end fitting into it. Label the side, shelf, trench and depth; a stopped housing hides the joint at the front.

Memorise pack: T8

• Sketches a suitable carcass joint for this situation
 2
• Labels component parts
• Provides some relevant information 1

NESA sample answer

NESA 2019 HSC Industrial Technology – Timber Products and Furniture Technologies Marking Guidelines

Each box needs 5 pieces of 590 × 390 mm. 12 pieces fit on one sheet. 150 × 5 = 750 pieces. 750 ÷ 12 = 62.5, so 63 sheets.

Memorise pack: T16

• Correctly calculates the minimum number of sheets required with all
 3
 working
• Provides some steps in calculating the minimum number of sheets
 required
OR 2
• Correctly calculates the minimum number of sheets required with some
 working
• Provides some relevant information 1

NESA sample answer

For each box – 5 × 590 × 390 required.
For each sheet – 12 pieces per sheet.
Required number of boxes 150 × number of pieces per box 5 = 750 divided by the 12 pieces
per sheet = 62.5
Answer needs to be 63 sheets.

Logs are soaked or steamed and debarked, then peeled into veneers on a rotary lathe. The veneers are clipped to size and dried, which also protects them from fungal decay. Glue is applied and the veneers are arranged with the grain alternating at 90° in an odd number of plies. Heat and pressure in a hot press cure the glue. Finally, the sheet is trimmed to size and sanded to the correct thickness.

Memorise pack: T4

• Describes the process involved in manufacturing the plywood 4
• Outlines the process involved in manufacturing the plywood 3
• Identifies some steps of the process involved in manufacturing the
 2
 plywood
• Provides some relevant information 1

NESA sample answer

Logs soaked in water have their bark removed. The logs are then peeled into veneers using
a rotary lathe. The veneers are then cut into approximate size and then dried. This protects
the wood from fungal decay to increase the mechanical properties of the finished board.
Apply glue and arrange the veneers in alternating grain direction. Heat and pressure are then
applied to cure the glue. Finally, the plywood is cut to the required dimensions and the
surface is sanded to get the correct thickness.
NESA 2019 HSC Industrial Technology – Timber Products and Furniture Technologies Marking Guidelines

Mark out the rebate with a marking gauge: the width equals the 16 mm thickness of the mating panel, and the depth is about half the board's thickness. Clamp the panel securely to the bench. Cut the rebate with a portable router fitted with a rebating bit (or a straight bit and fence), taking several shallow passes to prevent tear-out and maintain accuracy. Clean the corner with a shoulder plane or chisel if required. Dry-assemble to check the fit, then apply PVA, assemble, and nail or screw through the side into the rebate. Cramp, check for square by measuring the diagonals, and wipe off excess glue.

Memorise pack: T10

• Provides a detailed explanation of the processes needed to produce the
 corner rebate joint 5
• Includes relevant hand tools and portable power tools
• Provides an explanation of the processes needed to produce the corner
 rebate joint 4
• Includes relevant hand tools and portable power tools
• Outlines processes needed to produce the corner rebate joint
 3
• Includes relevant hand tools and/or portable power tools
• Outlines a process needed to produce the corner rebate joint
 2
• Includes relevant hand tools and/or portable power tools
• Provides some relevant information 1

NESA sample answer

• Mark out rebate dimensions on corner so that the cutting tool can be placed in the correct
 position
• Fit correct router cutter into router so that the rebate is cut to the correct size and shape
• Adjust depth of cut
• Clamp fence to timber corner at appropriate distance to ensure a straight and accurate cut
• Ensure clear passage for router to ensure the cut can be made in one pacing
• Use PPE to minimise potential risks
• Use router to cut rebate.

Answers could include

• Marking out – details of joint width and depth
• Setting up of tools and machines required. Track saw, router, rebate router cutter, setting
 of fence, depth of cut
• Machinery used to cut rebate
• Assembly and preparation for gluing.
NESA 2019 HSC Industrial Technology – Timber Products and Furniture Technologies Marking Guidelines
Section III

A CNC (computer numerically controlled) nesting router is one new technology transforming furniture and cabinet manufacturing. Parts are designed in CAD, and CAM nesting software arranges them on the sheet with the least waste. The machine then cuts, drills and grooves whole sheets of board automatically, with vacuum hold-down and automatic tool changes. This improves the industry by increasing accuracy and repeatability, cutting material waste and labour time, and allowing custom-sized kitchen and wardrobe cabinets to be produced quickly at mass-production cost.

Other technologies have also benefited the industry. Drones and LiDAR map forests and count trees, improving harvest planning and sustainability, and 3D printing and CAD allow fast prototypes, so clients can approve designs before production.

Memorise pack: S4, S5

• Provides a detailed description of how new or emerging technologies
 5
 have benefited the timber products and furniture industry
• Shows a sound understanding of how new or emerging technologies
 4
 have benefited the timber products and furniture industry
• Shows some understanding of how new or emerging technologies have
 2–3
 benefited the timber products and furniture industry
• Provides some relevant information 1

NESA sample answer

Examples of new and emerging technologies could include: 3D printing, battery
development, mobile phone accessories and robots.
3D printing provides a visual graphical model that can aid the design process and the
development of realistic simulations and the production of individual units. The development
of recent battery technology allows for the extended off-line use of technical equipment.
Mobile phone accessories have enhanced communication across the work force as well as
providing a means for using more sophisticated apps to carry out on-site data collection.
Robots support and provide access to flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) because they
can be relatively easily reprogrammed and positioned as necessary to carry out specific and
repetitive tasks.
New and emerging technologies have greatly benefitted the multimedia industry. New
technology has allowed the multimedia industry to be highly innovative, whilst also improving
the efficiency and quality of products and services. It has enabled more comprehensive
communication between managers and employees, as well as provide customers with a
diverse and engaging customer experience. The efficiency and quality of multimedia
products has greatly improved as a result of emerging technology. Manual labour and old
mechanised processes can be replaced to improve efficiency.
New and emerging technologies can have multiple benefits to the timber industry, such as
increases in productivity, accuracy and quality of work and/or products. With the increase in
the quality of a product, the industry benefits from increased revenue and profit, and increase
in customer satisfaction, leading to a better image for the company within the general public,
leading to increased sales.
The introduction of computer numerical control (CNC) machines to an industry can have
many benefits. A decrease in worker injury due to the fact that tedious processes are being
done by a machine 24/7. CNC removes the issue of human error, as it can reproduce the
same product, repeatedly with accuracy. Adaptability is another benefit, as CNC machines
can be easily set to run different ‘part’ programs with the addition of a change in code. All of
these improves the use of time in a business, which in turn can increase the profit margin for
a business.
Regenerative braking is used in vehicles to recharge the battery when the brakes are
applied. The kinetic energy from the movement of the car is turned into electric energy and
stored in the battery. This means the engine has turned into a generator, converting energy
so that it can be stored and reused. This is beneficial to the environment because it is
recycling energy, which in turn boosts the image of the car manufacturer which is beneficial
to the industry.
NESA 2019 HSC Industrial Technology – Timber Products and Furniture Technologies Marking Guidelines

Employees often resist new technology such as CNC routers or automated edge banders because they fear job loss, loss of status or having to learn new skills. An employer can overcome this resistance with consultation, training, job security measures and sharing the benefits, though each strategy has costs.

Consultation and communication: involving workers and unions early, explaining why the technology is needed and how it will affect jobs, builds trust and meets legal consultation requirements under the Fair Work Act and WHS Act. It takes time but greatly reduces disputes.

Training and upskilling: providing paid training in CAD/CAM programming and machine operation lets existing workers move into higher-skilled roles. It costs money and lost production time, but keeps experienced staff and their product knowledge.

Job security and redeployment: guaranteeing no forced redundancies, redeploying workers to new roles or offering voluntary redundancies to those who prefer to leave reduces fear. However, it may limit the labour savings from the technology.

Sharing the benefits: point out that automation removes dangerous, dusty, repetitive tasks, improving WHS, and that productivity gains can fund pay rises, bonuses or more interesting work. Trial and gradual introduction: piloting the technology with willing "champions" before full rollout lets others see that it works and lowers anxiety.

Overall, consultation combined with training is the most effective strategy, because it addresses the real causes of resistance. The employer gains efficiency and the workers gain skills and security, so the technology is accepted rather than resisted.

Memorise pack: S14

• Provides a detailed discussion of strategies to overcome employee
 10
 resistance providing points for and/or against
• Provides a sound discussion of strategies to overcome employee
 8–9
 resistance providing points for and/or against
• Provides some discussion of a strategy(ies) to overcome employee
 5–7
 resistance providing points for and/or against
• Sketches in general terms a strategy(ies) to overcome resistance to
 3–4
 emerging technologies
• Provides some relevant information 1–2

Answers could include

Employers: Employees:
 • Conduct a cost/benefit analysis • Opportunity for upskilling
 • Investigate government support • Reluctance to learn new ideas
 • Need to develop a sound business plan • Possibility of loss of employment
 • Benefits of possible staff reduction costs • Possible increased remuneration
 • Benefits of increased • Increased opportunities for overtime
 productivity/efficiency • Cleaner work environment
 • Reduction in use of raw materials • Opportunity for more interesting work
 • Waste reduction • Improved WHS
 • Improved WHS
 • Consultation with employees
 • Offer of voluntary redundancies
NESA 2019 HSC Industrial Technology – Timber Products and Furniture Technologies Marking Guidelines
2019 HSC Industrial Technology
Timber Products and Furniture Technologies